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1.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 24(1): 81-84, Feb. 2020. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1089333

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT China's compulsory annual livestock anthrax vaccination policy has remarkably reduced but not completely eradicated human anthrax infections. Herein we describe a sporadic human cutaneous anthrax outbreak involving two cases in 2018 in Shaanxi Province, both involving herdsman who dealt with unvaccinated and potentially sick cattle. Both patients showed Bacillus anthracis-positive blister smear and blood culture. Treatment with penicillin was followed by uneventful recovery for both. The prompt performance of the prophylactic measures successfully interrupted the further transmission of this sporadic human cutaneous anthrax outbreak.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/pathology , Anthrax/pathology , Penicillins/therapeutic use , Bacillus anthracis/isolation & purification , China/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Treatment Outcome , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/drug therapy , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/epidemiology , Anthrax/drug therapy , Anthrax/epidemiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
2.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 35(2): 195-197, abr. 2018. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-959430

ABSTRACT

Resumen El ántrax, es una zoonosis causada por una bacteria generadora de esporas, llamada Bacillus anthracis. En forma natural tiene una distribución global, con una predilección en zonas agrícolas con pocas normativas de sanidad pública veterinaria. El contagio humano ocurre por el consumo de carnes de animales enfermos, por contacto a través de una puerta de entrada en la piel o por la inhalación de esporas de productos derivados del animal afectado (lana, cuero, huesos). La infección en los seres humanos compromete con mayor frecuencia la piel, seguido por el tracto gastrointestinal y los pulmones. El control de la enfermedad se basa en la prevención, de allí la importancia de la vigilancia en la detección de casos y brotes. Presentamos el último brote de ántrax cutáneo diagnosticado en Chile con descripción de dos primeros casos clínicos del brote.


Anthrax is a zoonosis caused by a spore-forming bacterium, called Bacillus anthracis. Naturally it is of global distribution, with a predilection in agricultural zones with few norms of public veterinary health. Human contagion occurs through the consumption of diseased animal's meat or through a doorway into the skin or through the spores inhalation of products derived from the affected animal (wool, leather, bones). The most frequent infection in humans occurs in the skin, followed by the gastrointestinal tract and lungs. We present the last outbreak of cutaneous anthrax diagnosed in Chile with a description of the first two clinical cases of the outbreak. Control disease is based on prevention, hence the importance of surveillance in detecting cases and outbreaks.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Adult , Middle Aged , Bacillus anthracis/isolation & purification , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/diagnosis , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/microbiology , Anthrax/diagnosis , Anthrax/microbiology , Penicillin G/therapeutic use , Skin/microbiology , Chile/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/drug therapy , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/epidemiology , Anthrax/drug therapy , Anthrax/epidemiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use
3.
Journal of Infection and Public Health. 2010; 3 (3): 98-105
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-129177

ABSTRACT

Anthrax is still an endemic disease in some countries in the world and has become a re-emerging disease in western countries with recent intentional outbreak. The aim of this study was to review our clinical experience with cutaneous anthrax cases. From the patient's files, transmission of the diseases, clinical findings and severity of infection, treatment and outcome of patients were recorded. Twenty-two cases were diagnosed as cutaneous anthrax in the last 7 years. Of these cases, 10 cases were severe form of cutaneous anthrax, 10 cases were mild form and 2 cases were toxemic shock due to cutaneous anthrax. The incubation period was between 1 and 17 days. The main clinical characteristics of the cases with severe cutaneous anthrax were fever, hemorrhagic bullous lesions surrounded by an extensive erythema and edema, and leukocytosis. Two cases with toxemic shock had low systolic blood pressure, apathy and toxemic appearance, leukocytosis, hypoalbuminemia and hyponatremia. Penicillin G was given in 15 cases, amoxicillin in 4 and other antibiotics in 3 cases for 3-10 days. Skin lesion left deep tissue scar in 4 cases and were grafted. Physicians working in endemic areas and also in western countries should be aware of all clinical forms of anthrax


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Anthrax/drug therapy , Treatment Outcome , Shock, Septic , Bacillus anthracis , Fever , Skin Diseases, Vesiculobullous , Erythema , Edema , Leukocytosis , Penicillin G , Amoxicillin
4.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 47(1): 25-30, jan.-fev. 2005. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-393340

ABSTRACT

El ántrax es una zoonosis producida por el Bacillus anthracis y la infección humana es endémica en diversas partes del mundo, incluyendo el Perú. Más del 95% de las infecciones adquiridas naturalmente son cutáneas y aproximadamente 5% de ellas pueden evolucionar para meningoencefalitis. En este estudio revisamos las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de ántrax cutáneo evaluados entre 1969 y 2002 en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (HNCH) y en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, en Lima, Perú. Se incluyeron 71 pacientes [49/71 (69%) del sexo masculino], con edad media de 37 años. Los diagnósticos fueron clasificados como definitivos (44%) o probables (56%). La ocupación más frecuente fue la agricultura (39%). La fuente de infección fue identificada en 63 (88.7%) pacientes. Todos presentaron lesiones ulcerativas con necrosis central. La mayoría de ellos (65%) tuvieron lesiones múltiples, principalmente localizadas en miembros superiores (80%). Cuatro pacientes (5.6%) desarrollaron meningoencefalitis y tres de ellos fallecieron. En conclusión, considerando sus particulares características clínicas y epidemiológicas, el ántrax cutáneo debe ser siempre incluido en el diagnóstico diferencial de las lesiones cutáneas ulcerativas. Los pacientes con sospecha clínica de la enfermedad deben recibir tratamiento precoz con el objetivo de evitar complicaciones neurológicas, las cuales presentan elevados índices de fatalidad.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Anthrax , Anthrax/diagnosis , Anthrax/drug therapy , Anthrax/epidemiology , Bacillus anthracis/isolation & purification , Meningoencephalitis/diagnosis , Meningoencephalitis/microbiology , Peru/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/diagnosis , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/drug therapy , Skin Diseases, Bacterial/epidemiology
5.
Tunisie Medicale [La]. 2001; 79 (12): 642-6
in French | IMEMR | ID: emr-96953
6.
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-111587

ABSTRACT

Anthrax is a zoonotic illness caused by Bacillus anthracis. Sporadic cases continue to be reported from many parts of the world. From India, both sporadic cases and outbreaks are being reported regularly. The Union Territory of Pondicherry (a former French colony) lies on the coast of Bay of Bengal, where the incidence of anthrax is on the rise with 28 cases being detected in the year 1999 and 2000 alone. So far, about 34 human cases have been encountered in this region. Recently, an increase in the number of anthrax cases has been noted in veterinary and human practice in this area. Most cases have occurred in agricultural labourers who gave history of handling animal meat or skin of infected animals. The meningitic form of the disease has a very bad prognosis. Patients with this form of disease died despite treatment with high dose penicillin. The typical bacilli were seen in the CSF in all cases of anthrax meningitis and was diagnostic of the condition. The cutaneous form of illness had a benign course and responded favourably to penicillin treatment. Awareness among clinicians and mandatory reporting of cases to public health departments along with public education will help control morbidity and mortality due to anthrax. Effective immunization of animals is the other important control measure for anthrax.


Subject(s)
Animals , Anthrax/drug therapy , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Food Contamination , Humans , Incidence , India/epidemiology , Mandatory Reporting , Penicillins/therapeutic use , Prognosis , Public Health , Zoonoses
7.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 12(3): 175-7, 1995.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-173438

ABSTRACT

Se revisan 10 casos de carbunco cutáneo internados en el Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas profesor Dr. Lucio Cordova entre los años 1975 a 1993. En todos los pacientes las manifestaciones clínicas fueron la base del diagnóstico lo que unido al antecedente epidemiológico, evolución del cuadro clínico y cultivos bacteriológicos, hicieron que el reconocimiento de esta enfermedad fuera relativamente fácil. Se describieron las características clínicas, de laboratorio y los buenos resultados del tratamiento con penicilina sin que se produjeran casos fatales


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Anthrax/epidemiology , Hospital Statistics , Anthrax/diagnosis , Anthrax/drug therapy , Anthrax/etiology , Bacillus anthracis/isolation & purification , Bacteriological Techniques , Clinical Evolution , Agricultural Workers' Diseases/epidemiology , Morbidity , Signs and Symptoms
9.
Bol. Hosp. San Juan de Dios ; 35(2): 122-5, mar.-abr. 1988. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-56399

ABSTRACT

Se analiza un brote de carbunco humano aparecido en 1985 en un sector de la Cordillera de Nahuelbuta, comuna de Contulmo, provincia de Arauco, Octava Región. El cuadro afectó a 9 personas en todas las cuales existía el antecedente de ingesta de carne de vacuno muerto a consecuencia de infección por Bacillus anthracis, comprobada por el laboratorio. Las manifestaciones de carbunco cutáneo se presentaron en todos los pacientes, comprobándose clínicamente hemorragia en dos de ellos. En uno la evolución resultó fatal a consecuencia del compromiso gastrointestinal, descrito como muy infrecuente en la literatura revisada. Este caso desafortunado confirma la gravedad y alta letalidad que se atribuye a esta forma de la afección. Se destaca que no existe criterio unificado con respecto al tratamiento de esta enfermedad en el ser humano. No obstante, parece existir buena respuesta a la penicilina sódica en las formas cutáneas, lo que permite aconsejarla como antibiótico de elección en la mayoría de los casos.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Anthrax/epidemiology , Disease Outbreaks , Anthrax/drug therapy , Chile , Penicillins/therapeutic use
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